IT, networking & security calculators
Networking and infrastructure arithmetic with units made explicit: bits versus bytes, decimal versus binary prefixes.
Addressing
- IPv4 to Integer ConverterConvert a dotted IPv4 address to its 32-bit integer, hexadecimal and binary forms, or turn an integer back into a dotted-quad IP address.
- IPv6 Address Compression CalculatorShorten any IPv6 address to its canonical RFC 5952 form, or expand it to all eight full groups, and see what type of address it is.
Bandwidth
Bandwidth & transfer
- Website Bandwidth CalculatorEstimate a website’s monthly data transfer in GB from page views and page size, and the average and recommended bandwidth in Mbps.
- Download Time CalculatorWork out how long a file takes to download or upload from its size in MB, GB or GiB and your speed in Mbps or MB/s, with protocol overhead.
Cloud & security costs
- SIEM Ingest Cost CalculatorEstimate monthly and annual SIEM or log-analytics ingest cost from GB per day and your per-GB price, with a free daily allowance and fixed fees.
- Cloud Egress Cost CalculatorWork out the monthly cost of data transferred out of a cloud provider with a free allowance and tiered per-GB prices that you enter from your provider’s price list.
DNS & certificates
- DNS TTL Cache Window CalculatorPlan a DNS cut-over: how long before the change to lower the TTL, how long old answers can stay cached afterwards, and the extra lookup load.
- TLS Certificate Expiry CalculatorWork out when a TLS/SSL certificate expires from its issue date and validity, how many days are left, and the date to renew with your chosen lead time.
Encoding
- Base64 Encoder and DecoderEncode text to Base64 or decode Base64 back to text, using UTF-8, with standard or URL-safe alphabets as defined in RFC 4648.
- URL Encoder and DecoderPercent-encode text for use in a URL query or path, or decode %XX sequences back to readable text, with UTF-8 and form (+ for space) modes.
Encoding & hashing
- UTF-8 Byte Length CalculatorCount how many bytes text takes in UTF-8, alongside code points, UTF-16 units and bytes, and check it against a byte limit such as a database column.
- SHA-256 Checksum CalculatorCompute the SHA-256 hash of text (UTF-8) or raw hex bytes in your browser, and compare it with an expected checksum.
Incident metrics
- Mean Time to Detect (MTTD) CalculatorPaste when each incident started and when it was detected to get mean time to detect, plus the median, 90th percentile and longest detection time.
- Mean Time to Respond CalculatorEnter detection and response timestamps for each incident to get the mean time to respond, with the median, 90th percentile and slowest response.
- Mean Time to Recover (MTTR) CalculatorPaste when each outage or incident began and when service was restored to get mean time to recover, with the median, 90th percentile and longest outage.
IP addressing
- IP Subnet CalculatorEnter an IPv4 address and prefix length (CIDR) to get the network and broadcast addresses, subnet mask, wildcard mask and usable host range.
- IPv4 Range to CIDR CalculatorTurn a first and last IPv4 address into the smallest exact list of CIDR blocks, for firewall rules, ACLs, allow-lists and route tables.
- IPv6 Prefix CalculatorEnter an IPv6 address and prefix length to get the exact number of addresses, the first and last address, and how many /64 (or other) subnets fit.
- VLSM Subnet CalculatorSplit an IPv4 network into right-sized subnets for each host requirement, largest first, with masks, usable ranges, broadcasts and space left over.
Network
- VPN Bandwidth Estimate CalculatorEstimate the VPN gateway bandwidth you need from remote users, peak concurrency, traffic per user, packet size, per-packet tunnel overhead and headroom.
- Network Packet Overhead CalculatorSee how many packets and bytes on the wire it takes to send data over Ethernet with IPv4 or IPv6 and TCP or UDP, and the resulting protocol efficiency.
Network performance
- Network Throughput CalculatorWork out the real throughput of a transfer from the data moved and the time it took, in Mbps, Gbps, MB/s and MiB/s, and compare it with your link speed.
- Packet Loss CalculatorCalculate packet loss as a percentage of packets sent, plus the number lost and the delivery rate, from ping, iperf or interface counters.
- Network Latency (RTT) CalculatorEstimate one-way latency and round-trip time from path length, fibre or radio propagation, packet serialisation and per-hop delay.
- TCP Bandwidth-Delay Product CalculatorFind the bandwidth-delay product of a path in bytes, the TCP window scale it needs, and the maximum throughput a given receive window allows.
Reliability
Security
- Password GeneratorGenerate a random password in your browser with the length and character types you choose, and see its strength in bits of entropy.
- Password Entropy CalculatorCalculate the entropy in bits of a randomly generated password or Diceware-style passphrase from its length and the size of the character set or word list.
- Password Brute-Force Time CalculatorEstimate how long an exhaustive search would take to find a random password or passphrase, on average and in the worst case, at a guess rate you choose.
- PBKDF2 Runtime CalculatorEstimate how long one PBKDF2 key derivation takes on your server from the iteration count and your measured HMAC rate, and how far it slows an attacker.
- Firewall Rule Coverage CalculatorMeasure firewall rule-base hygiene: the share of rules that matched traffic in a review period, unused rules to review and shadowed rules to remove.
Security operations
- Cybersecurity Risk Score CalculatorCombine your own risk factors, scores and weights into a transparent 0–100 cybersecurity risk index and see which factor contributes most.
- Security Patch Compliance CalculatorWork out the share of in-scope assets patched within your SLA, excluding approved exceptions, and how many more must be fixed to hit your target.
- Phishing Simulation Rate CalculatorTurn phishing-test results into click rate, credential submission rate and report rate, all measured against delivered emails, plus reports per click.
Storage & backup
- RAID Capacity CalculatorWork out usable storage for RAID 0, 1, 5, 6 and 10 from the number and size of drives, in decimal TB and binary TiB, with fault tolerance and efficiency.
- RAID Rebuild Time CalculatorEstimate how long a RAID array takes to rebuild onto a replacement drive from its capacity, the rebuild rate in MB/s and how much of it must be rewritten.
- Database Backup Window CalculatorEstimate how long a full database backup takes from its size, read and write throughput and compression, and whether it fits your backup window.
Storage & logging
- Storage IOPS Requirement CalculatorConvert workload IOPS and read/write mix into back-end IOPS with the RAID write penalty, and find how many drives meet it with your chosen headroom.
- Log Retention Storage CalculatorEstimate log storage for a retention period from events per second and event size, or daily GB, with compression, index overhead and replica copies.
Time & scheduling
- Unix Epoch ConverterConvert a Unix timestamp in seconds or milliseconds to a UTC and local date, or a date and time with a UTC offset to epoch seconds, with ISO 8601 output.
- Cron Next Occurrence CalculatorEnter a five-field cron expression and a start time to list its next run times, with ranges, steps, names, @daily-style macros and the day-of-month/day-of-week rule.
Wireless
- Wi-Fi Channel Capacity CalculatorCalculate the Wi-Fi 5 or Wi-Fi 6 PHY data rate from channel width, MCS, spatial streams and guard interval, then estimate usable throughput per client.
- Free-Space Path Loss CalculatorCalculate free-space path loss in dB from distance and frequency, and the received signal in dBm from transmit power and antenna gains, for Wi-Fi and radio links.