How to use this calculator
- Enter or choose household consumption (C).
- Enter or choose gross investment (I).
- Enter or choose government purchases (G).
- Enter or choose exports (X).
- Enter or choose imports (M).
- The gDP updates as you type. Use Copy result or Share to keep it.
Method
GDP = C + I + G + (X − M); GDP per capita = GDP ÷ Population
- C
- household consumption
- I
- gross private investment
- G
- government purchases of goods and services
- X − M
- exports minus imports
Worked example
- Net exports = 2,500,000 − 3,000,000 = −500,000.
- GDP = 14,000,000 + 3,500,000 + 4,000,000 − 500,000 = 21,000,000.
- Per person: 21,000,000 ÷ 300 = 70,000.
This small economy has a GDP of 21 million, or 70,000 per person; consumption is two-thirds of it.
What the result means
A negative net-exports share means the country imports more than it exports; imports are subtracted because they are already counted in C, I and G but were produced abroad. To compare years, use real GDP (adjusted for inflation), not nominal figures.
Assumptions and limits
- All amounts are nominal, for the same period and in the same currency and scale.
- Official GDP also uses statistical adjustments and the income and production approaches; it is not recomputed here.
- Real GDP, deflators and growth rates are not calculated.
Questions
Why are imports subtracted?
Consumption, investment and government spending include imported goods. Subtracting imports leaves only what was produced domestically.
Are pensions and benefits part of G?
No. Transfer payments do not buy a good or service, so they are excluded; they count only when recipients spend them, as consumption.